METHODS Empirical evaluation of human fetal fMRI preprocessing steps Lanxin Ji1 , Cassandra L. Hendrix1, and Moriah E. Thomason1,2,3 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA 2Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA 3Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Keywords: Fetal fMRI, Preprocessing,

RESEARCH Morphometric features of drug-resistant essential tremor and recovery after stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy Thomas A. W. Bolton1,2 , Dimitri Van De Ville3,4, Jean Régis5, Tatiana Witjas6, Nadine Girard7, Marc Levivier1,8, and Constantin Tuleasca1,8,9 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV ), Lausanne, Switzerland 2Connectomics Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV ), Lausanne, Switzerland 3Institute

RESEARCH Edge-based network analysis reveals frequency-specific network dynamics in aberrant anxiogenic processing in rats Yin-Shing Lam1,2 , Xiu-Xiu Liu1,2, Ya Ke1,2, and Wing-Ho Yung1,2 1School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 2Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Keywords: Edge-based network analysis, Anxiety, Phase transfer entropy, Phase locking value, Theta oscillation a

FOCUS FEATURE: Connectivity, Cognition, and Consciousness Effects of classic psychedelic drugs on turbulent signatures in brain dynamics Josephine Cruzat1,2,3 , Yonatan Sanz Perl2, Anira Escrichs2, Jakub Vohryzek2,3, Christopher Timmermann4, Leor Roseman4, Andrea I. Luppi5,6,7,8, Agustin Ibañez1,9,10, David Nutt4, Robin Carhart-Harris4,11, Enzo Tagliazucchi1,12, Gustavo Deco2,13,14,15, and Morten L. Kringelbach3,16,17 1Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile 2Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain

RESEARCH Implanting intracranial electrodes does not affect spikes or network connectivity in nearby or connected brain regions Erin C. Conrad1, Russell T. Shinohara2,3,4, James J. Gugger1, Andrea Y. Revell5, Sandhitsu Das1, Joel M. Stein6, Eric D. Marsh1,7, Kathryn A. Davis1*, and Brian Litt1* 1Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PAPÀ, USA 2Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PAPÀ, USA 3Penn

METHODS Path analysis: A method to estimate altered pathways in time-varying graphs of neuroimaging data Haleh Falakshahi1,2 , Hooman Rokham1,2 , Zening Fu1, Armin Iraji1, Daniel H. Mathalon3,4, Judith M. Ford3,4, Bryon A. Mueller5, Adrian Preda6, Theo G. M. van Erp6,7, Jessica A. Turner1,8, Sergey Plis1,9, and Vince D. Calhoun1,2,9 1Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia

RESEARCH Percolation may explain efficiency, robustness, and economy of the brain Yang Tian1,2 and Pei Sun1 1Department of Psychology and Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 2Laboratory of Advanced Computing and Storage, Central Research Institute, 2012 Laboratories, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Beijing, China Keywords: Percolation, Brain connectivity, Excitation-inhibition balance, Information transmission efficiency, Robust flexibility, Brain economy a n o p e

FOCUS FEATURE: Biomarkers in Network Neuroscience Minimum spanning tree analysis of brain networks: A systematic review of network size effects, sensitivity for neuropsychiatric pathology, and disorder specificity N. Blomsma1*, B. de Rooy1*, F. Gerritse1, R. van der Spek1, P. Tewarie2, UN. Hillebrand2, W. M. Otte3, C. J. Stam2, and E. van Dellen1,4 1University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands 2Amsterdam

FOCUS FEATURE: Connectivity, Cognition, and Consciousness Functional network antagonism and consciousness Athena Demertzi1,2,3,4 , Aaron Kucyi5 , Adrián Ponce-Alvarez6 , Georgios A. Keliris7 , Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli5,8*, and Gustavo Deco6,9,10,11* 1Physiology of Cognition, GIGA Consciousness Research Unit, GIGA Institute (B34), Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium 2Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition (PsyNCog), Faculty of Psychology, Logopedics and Educational Sciences, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège,

RESEARCH Altered large-scale brain network interactions associated with HIV infection and error processing Jessica S. Flannery1 , Michael C. Riedel2 , Lauren D. Hill-Bowen3 , Ranjita Poudel3 , Katherine L. Bottenhorn4 , Taylor Salo3 , Angela R. Laird2 , Raul Gonzalez3, and Matthew T. Sutherland3 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 2Department of Physics, Florida

FOCUS FEATURE: Connectivity, Cognition, and Consciousness Allostasis as a core feature of hierarchical gradients in the human brain Yuta Katsumi1 , Jordan E. Theriault2, Karen S. Quigley2, and Lisa Feldman Barrett2,3,4 1Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 2Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA 3Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

RESEARCH Functional connectivity of fMRI using differential covariance predicts structural connectivity and behavioral reaction times Yusi Chen1,2 , Qasim Bukhari3, Tiger W. Lin1,4, and Terrence J. Sejnowski1,2,5 1Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA 2Division of Biological Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 3McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Istituto di Tecnologia del Massachussetts, Cambridge, MA, USA 4Neurosciences

RESEARCH A mixed-modeling framework for whole-brain dynamic network analysis Mohsen Bahrami1,2 , Paul J. Laurienti1,2, Heather M. Shappell1,3, Dale Dagenbach1,4, and Sean L. Simpson1,3 1Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA 2Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA 3Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA 4Department of Psychology,

FOCUS FEATURE: Biomarkers in Network Neuroscience Multimodal connectome biomarkers of cognitive and affective dysfunction in the common epilepsies Raul Rodriguez-Cruces1*, Jessica Royer1*, Sara Larivière1, Dani S. Bassett2,3,4,5,6,7, Lorenzo Caciagli2,8*, and Boris C. Bernhardt1* 1McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 2Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PAPÀ, USA 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,

FOCUS FEATURE: Connectivity, Cognition, and Consciousness Benchmarking functional connectivity by the structure and geometry of the human brain Zhen-Qi Liu1 , Richard F. Betzel2 , and Bratislav Misic1 1McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada 2Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Keywords: Connectome, Functional connectivity, Structural connectivity, Geometry, Embedding, Gradient, Hierarchy, Transmodal a n o p e n

FOCUS FEATURE: Connectivity, Cognition, and Consciousness Thalamocortical contribution to flexible learning in neural systems Mien Brabeeba Wang1,2 and Michael M. Halassa1 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Istituto di Tecnologia del Massachussetts, Cambridge, MA, USA 2Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Istituto di Tecnologia del Massachussetts, Cambridge, MA, USA Keywords: Meta-learning, Credit assignment, Continual learning, Thalamocortical interactions, Basal ganglia, Thalamus a n o p e n a

RESEARCH Latent functional connectivity underlying multiple brain states Ethan M. McCormick1,2,3 † , Katelyn L. Arnemann1 † , Takuya Ito1,4 , Stephen José Hanson5 , and Michael W. Cole1 1Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA 2Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 3Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and

RESEARCH Normalization effect of levodopa on hierarchical brain function in Parkinson’s disease Tao Guo1#, Min Xuan1#, Cheng Zhou1, Jingjing Wu1, Ting Gao2, Xueqin Bai1, Xiaocao Liu1, Luyan Gu2, Ruiqi Liu3, Zhe Song2, Quanquan Gu1, Peiyu Huang1, Jiali Pu2, Baorong Zhang2, Xiaojun Xu1, Xiaojun Guan1, and Minming Zhang1 1Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China 2Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated