Tracking Your Mind’s Eye during Recollection: Decoding the Long-Term Recall of Short Audiovisual Clips Christelle Larzabal1,2, Nadège Bacon-Macé1,2, Sophie Muratot1,2, and Simon J. Thorpe1,2 D o w n l o a d e d Abstract ■ Unlike familiarity, recollection involves the ability to recon- struct mentally previous events that results in a strong sense of reliving. According to the reinstatement hypothesis, this spe- cific feature

Action Intention-based and Stimulus Regularity-based Predictions: Same or Different? Betina Korka1, Erich Schröger1, and Andreas Widmann1,2 Abstract ■ We act on the environment to produce desired effects, but we also adapt to the environmental demands by learning what to expect next, based on experience: How do action-based pre- dictions and sensory predictions relate to each other? We explore this by implementing a self-generation oddball paradigm,

Evaluation of Self-generated Behavior: Untangling Metacognitive Readout and Error Detection Tadeusz W. Kononowicz and Virginie van Wassenhove Abstract ■ When producing a duration, for instance, by pressing a key for 1 sec, the brain relies on self-generated neuronal dynamics to monitor the “flow of time.” Evidence has suggested that the brain can also monitor itself monitoring time, the so-called self- evaluation. How are temporal errors

Anticipatory Distractor Suppression Elicited by Statistical Regularities in Visual Search Benchi Wang, Joram van Driel, Eduard Ort, and Jan Theeuwes Abstract ■ Salient yet irrelevant objects often capture our attention and in- terfere with our daily tasks. Distraction by salient objects can be re- duced by suppressing the location where they are likely to appear. The question we addressed here was whether suppression of fre-

Tracking Keystroke Sequences at the Cortical Level Reveals the Dynamics of Serial Order Production Svetlana Pinet1,2, Gary S. Dell3, and F.-Xavier Alario1 Abstract ■ Response selection is often studied by examining single re- sponses, although most actions are performed within an over- arching sequence. Understanding processes that order and execute items in a sequence is thus essential to give a complete picture of response selection.

Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, and Hippocampus Differentially Represent the Event Saliency Anna Jafarpour1,2, Sandon Griffin1, Jack J. Lin3, and Robert T. Knight1 Abstract ■ Two primary functions attributed to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) network are retaining the temporal and spatial associations of events and detecting deviant events. It is unclear, however, how these two functions converge into one mechanism. Here, we

Object-in-place Memory Predicted by Anterolateral Entorhinal Cortex and Parahippocampal Cortex Volume in Older Adults Lok-Kin Yeung1*, Rosanna K. Olsen1,2, Bryan Hong1, Valentina Mihajlovic1, Maria C. D’Angelo2, Arber Kacollja2, Jennifer D. Ryan1,2, and Morgan D. Barense1,2 Abstract ■ The lateral portion of the entorhinal cortex is one of the first brain regions affected by tau pathology, an important biomarker for Alzheimer disease. Improving our understanding of

Directional Visual Motion Is Represented in the Auditory and Association Cortices of Early Deaf Individuals Talia L. Retter1,2, Michael A. Webster1, and Fang Jiang1 Abstract ■ Individuals who are deaf since early life may show enhanced performance at some visual tasks, including discrimination of directional motion. The neural substrates of such behavioral en- hancements remain difficult to identify in humans, although neural plasticity has been

Dynamic Threat Processing Christian Meyer*, Srikanth Padmala*, and Luiz Pessoa Abstract ■ During real-life situations, multiple factors interact dynami- cally to determine threat level. In the current fMRI study involv- ing healthy adult human volunteers, we investigated interactions between proximity, direction (approach vs. retreat), and speed during a dynamic threat-of-shock paradigm. As a measure of threat-evoked physiological arousal, skin conductance re- sponses were recorded during

Taking Attention Out of Context: Frontopolar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Abolishes the Formation of New Context Memories in Visual Search Artyom Zinchenko1, Markus Conci1, Paul C. J. Taylor1, Hermann J. Müller1,2, and Thomas Geyer1 Abstract ■ This study investigates the causal contribution of the left frontopolar cortex (FPC) to the processing of violated expec- tations from learned target–distractor spatial contingencies during visual search. The experiment consisted

Impulsivity and Active Inference M. Berk Mirza, Rick A. Adams, Thomas Parr, and Karl Friston Abstract ■ This paper characterizes impulsive behavior using a patch- leaving paradigm and active inference—a framework for describing Bayes optimal behavior. This paradigm comprises different environments (patches) with limited resources that decline over time at different rates. The challenge is to decide when to leave the current patch for another

Individual Differences in Resting-state Brain Rhythms Uniquely Predict Second Language Learning Rate and Willingness to Communicate in Adults Chantel S. Prat, Brianna L. Yamasaki, and Erica R. Peterson Abstract ■ The current study used quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) to characterize individual differences in neural rhythms at rest and to relate them to fluid reasoning ability, to first lan- guage proficiency, and to subsequent second language (L2)

Verbal Paired Associates and the Hippocampus: The Role of Scenes Ian A. Clark, Misun Kim, and Eleanor A. Maguire Abstract ■ It is widely agreed that patients with bilateral hippocampal damage are impaired at binding pairs of words together. Conse- quently, the verbal paired associates ( VPA) task has become emblematic of hippocampal function. This VPA deficit is not well understood and is particularly difficult

Theta Phase Synchronization between the Human Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex Increases during Encoding of Unexpected Information: A Case Study Matthias J. Gruber1,2, Liang-Tien Hsieh2,3, Bernhard P. Staresina4, Christian E. Elger5, Juergen Fell5, Nikolai Axmacher6, and Charan Ranganath2 Abstract ■ Events that violate predictions are thought to not only modu- late activity within the hippocampus and PFC but also enhance communication between the two regions. Scalp

Neural Integration in Body Perception Richard Ramsey Abstract ■ The perception of other people is instrumental in guiding social interactions. For example, the appearance of the human body cues a wide range of inferences regarding sex, age, health, and personality, as well as emotional state and intentions, which influence social behavior. To date, most neuroscience research on body perception has aimed to characterize the functional

Brain-to-Brain Synchrony and Learning Outcomes Vary by Student–Teacher Dynamics: Evidence from a Real-world Classroom Electroencephalography Study Dana Bevilacqua1*, Ido Davidesco1*, Lu Wan2, Kim Chaloner3, Jess Rowland1,4, Mingzhou Ding2, David Poeppel1,5, and Suzanne Dikker1,6 Abstract ■ How does the human brain support real-world learning? We used wireless electroencephalography to collect neuro- physiological data from a group of 12 senior high school stu- dents and their teacher

Act Now, Play Later: Temporal Expectations Regarding the Onset of Self-initiated Sensations Can Be Modified with Behavioral Training Ruth B. Elijah, Mike E. Le Pelley, and Thomas J. Whitford Abstract ■ Mechanisms of motor-sensory prediction are dependent on expectations regarding when self-generated feedback will occur. Existing behavioral and electrophysiological research sug- gests that we have a default expectation for immediate sensory feedback after executing an

It’s the Other Way Around! Early Modulation of Sensory Distractor Processing Induced by Late Response Conflict Bernhard Pastötter and Christian Frings Abstract ■ Understanding the neural processes that maintain goal- directed behavior is a major challenge for the study of attentional control. Although much of the previous work on the issue has focused on prefrontal brain areas, little is known about the contribution of sensory