Trait Aggressiveness Modulates Neurophysiological Correlates of Laboratory-induced Reactive Aggression in Humans Ulrike M. Kra¨mer1, Sarah Bu¨ttner1, Gerhard Roth2, and Thomas F. Mu¨nte1 D o w n l o a d e d Abstract & Reactive aggression following provocation is a frequent form of human social behavior. The neural basis of reactive aggression, especially its control, remains poorly understood, however. We conducted an event-related potential (ERP)

Seeing and Hearing Meaning: ERP and f MRI Evidence of Word versus Picture Integration into a Sentence Context Roel M. Willems1, Aslı O¨ zyu¨rek1,2, and Peter Hagoort1,2 Abstract & Understanding language always occurs within a situational context and, therefore, often implies combining streams of infor- mation from different domains and modalities. One such combi- nation is that of spoken language and visual information, which are

Seeing Sounds and Hearing Sights: The Influence of Prior Learning on Current Perception Jennifer D. Ryan1,2, Sandra N. Moses1, Melanie L. Ostreicher1, Timothy Bardouille1, Anthony T. Herdman3, Lily Riggs1,2, and Endel Tulving1,2 D o w n l o a d e d Abstract & It is well known that previous perceptual experiences alter subsequent perception, but the details of the neural under- pinnings of this

Processing Nouns and Verbs in the Left Frontal Cortex: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study Marinella Cappelletti1,2*, Felipe Fregni1, Kevin Shapiro3*, Alvaro Pascual-Leone1, and Alfonso Caramazza3 Abstract & Neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies suggest that the production of verbs in speech depends on cortical regions in the left frontal lobe. However, the precise topography of these regions, and their functional roles in verb production, remains matters of

Masking Disrupts Reentrant Processing in Human Visual Cortex J. J. Fahrenfort1, H. S. Scholte1, and V. A. F. Lamme1,2 Abstract & In masking, a stimulus is rendered invisible through the presentation of a second stimulus shortly after the first. Over the years, authors have typically explained masking by postu- lating some early disruption process. In these feedforward- type explanations, the mask somehow ‘‘catches up’’ with

The Neural Basis of Love as a Subliminal Prime: An Event-related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study S. Ortigue1,2, F. Bianchi-Demicheli3, A. F. de C. Hamilton1, and S. T. Grafton1,2 D o w n l o a d e d f r o m Abstract & Throughout the ages, love has been defined as a motivated and goal-directed mechanism with explicit and implicit mech- anisms. Recent

Age Differences in Deactivation: A Link to Cognitive Control? Jonas Persson, Cindy Lustig, James K. Nelson, and Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz Abstract & The network of regions shown by functional imaging stud- ies to be deactivated by experimental tasks relative to nomi- nally more passive baselines (task < baseline) may reflect processes engaged during the resting state or ‘‘default mode.’’ Deactivation may result when attention and

Predictive Learning, Prediction Errors, and Attention: Evidence from Event-related Potentials and Eye Tracking A. J. Wills, A. Lavric, G. S. Croft, and T. L. Hodgson Abstract & Prediction error (‘‘surprise’’) affects the rate of learning: We learn more rapidly about cues for which we initially make incor- rect predictions than cues for which our initial predictions are correct. The current studies employ electrophysiological mea- sures

Neural Correlates of Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation Sang Hee Kim and Stephan Hamann Abstract & The ability to cope adaptively with emotional events by voli- tionally altering one’s emotional reactions is important for psy- interaction. chological and physical health as well as social Cognitive regulation of emotional responses to aversive events engages prefrontal regions that modulate activity in emotion- processing regions such as the

Numbers within Our Hands: Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability of Hand Muscles during Numerical Judgment Marc Sato, Luigi Cattaneo, Giacomo Rizzolatti, and Vittorio Gallese Abstract & Developmental and cross-cultural studies show that finger counting represents one of the basic number learning strategies. However, despite the ubiquity of such an embodied strategy, the issue of whether there is a neural link between numbers and fingers in adult,

Local Field Potentials and Spikes in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe are Selective to Image Category Alexander Kraskov1, Rodrigo Quian Quiroga1,2, Leila Reddy3, Itzhak Fried4,5, and Christof Koch1 D o w n l o a d e d f r o m Abstract & Local field potentials (LFPs) reflect the averaged dendro- somatic activity of synaptic signals of large neuronal popula- tions. In this study,

The Regulation of Cognitive Control following Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Lesion in Humans Giuseppe di Pellegrino1,2, Elisa Ciaramelli1,2, and Elisabetta La`davas1,2 Abstract & The contribution of the medial prefrontal cortex, partic- ularly the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), to cognitive control remains controversial. Here, we examined whether the rostral ACC is necessary for reactive adjustments in cognitive con- trol following the occurrence of response conflict [Botvinick,

Neural Correlates of Morphological Decomposition during Visual Word Recognition Brian T. Gold1 and Kathleen Rastle2 Abstract & Considerable behavioral research has demonstrated that the visual word recognition system is sensitive to morphol- ogical structure. It has typically been assumed that analysis of morphologically complex words occurs only when the mean- ing of these words can be derived from the meanings of their constituents (e.g., hunter

The What and How of Observational Learning Sara Torriero1, Massimiliano Oliveri1,2, Giacomo Koch1,3, Carlo Caltagirone1,3, and Laura Petrosini1,4 Abstract & Neuroimaging evidence increasingly supports the hypothesis that the same neural structures subserve the execution, imagi- nation, and observation of actions. We used repetitive trans- cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to investigate the specific roles of cerebellum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in observational learning of a

Manipulating the Experienced Onset of Intention after Action Execution Hakwan C. Lau1,2, Robert D. Rogers2, and Richard E. Passingham1,2 Abstract & Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we have tested the time needed for the perceived onset of spontaneous motor intention to be fully determined. We found that TMS applied over the presupplementary motor area after the exe- cution of a simple spontaneous action shifted the

Coming Unbound: Disrupting Automatic Integration of Synesthetic Color and Graphemes by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Parietal Lobe Michael Esterman1,2, Timothy Verstynen1, Richard B. Ivry1, and Lynn C. Robertson1,2 Abstract & In some individuals, a visually presented letter or number automatically evokes the perception of a specific color, an ex- perience known as color–grapheme synesthesia. It has been suggested that parietal binding mechanisms play

Dissociable Neural Mechanisms for Encoding Predictable and Unpredictable Events Christopher Summerfield and Jennifer A. Mangels Abstract & Attention is a necessary condition for the formation of new episodic memories, yet little is known about how dissociable attentional mechanisms for ‘‘top-down’’ and ‘‘bottom-up’’ orienting contribute to encoding. Here, subjects performed an intentional encoding task in which to-be-learned items were interspersed with irrelevant stimuli such that subjects

A Comparison of Abstract Rules in the Prefrontal Cortex, Premotor Cortex, Inferior Temporal Cortex, and Striatum Rahmat Muhammad1, Jonathan D. Wallis1,2, and Earl K. Miller1 Abstract & The ability to use abstract rules or principles allows be- havior to generalize from specific circumstances. We have previously shown that such rules are encoded in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and premotor cortex (PMC). Here, we extend