The Microstructure of Attentional Control in the Dorsal Attention Network Abhijit Rajan1, Sreenivasan Meyyappan1, Yuelu Liu2, Immanuel Babu Henry Samuel1, Bijurika Nandi1, George R. Mangun2, and Mingzhou Ding1 Abstract ■ The top–down control of attention involves command signals arising chiefly in the dorsal attention network (DAN) in frontal and parietal cortex and propagating to sensory cortex to enable the selective processing of incoming stimuli based

Randomized Manipulation of Early Cognitive Experience Impacts Adult Brain Structure Martha J. Farah1, Saul Sternberg1, Thomas A. Nichols1, Jeffrey T. Duda1, Terry Lohrenz2, Yi Luo2, Libbie Sonnier2, Sharon L. Ramey2, Read Montague2, and Craig T. Ramey2 Abstract ■ Does early exposure to cognitive and linguistic stimulation im- pact brain structure? Or do genetic predispositions account for the co-occurrence of certain neuroanatomical phenotypes and a tendency

Deep Predictive Learning in Neocortex and Pulvinar Randall C. O’Reilly , Jacob L. Russin, Maryam Zolfaghar, and John Rohrlich Abstract ■ How do humans learn from raw sensory experience? Throughout life, but most obviously in infancy, we learn without explicit instruction. We propose a detailed biological mechanism for the widely embraced idea that learning is driven by the differ- ences between predictions and actual outcomes

Distractors Selectively Modulate Electrophysiological Markers of Perceptual Decisions Shou-Han Zhou1, Gerard Loughnane2, Redmond O’Connell1,3, Mark A. Bellgrove1*, and Trevor T.-J. Chong1* Abstract ■ Current models of perceptual decision-making assume that choices are made after evidence in favor of an alternative accu- mulates to a given threshold. This process has recently been revealed in human EEG recordings, but an unresolved issue is how these neural mechanisms

Retrosplenial Cortical Connectivity with Frontal Basal Ganglia Networks Megan E. Monko and Sarah R. Heilbronner Abstract ■ Previous studies of the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) have focused on its role in navigation and memory, consistent with its well- established medial temporal connections, but recent evidence also suggests a role for this region in reward and decision making. Because function is determined largely by anatomical connec- tionen,

Functional Context Affects Scene Processing Elissa M. Aminoff1 and Michael J. Tarr2 Abstract ■ Rapid visual perception is often viewed as a bottom–up pro- Prozess. Category-preferred neural regions are often characterized as automatic, default processing mechanisms for visual inputs of their categorical preference. To explore the sensitivity of such regions to top–down information, we examined three scene- preferring brain regions, the occipital place area (OPA),

Greater Visual Working Memory Capacity for Visually Matched Stimuli When They Are Perceived as Meaningful Isabel E. Asp1 , Viola S. Störmer1,2, and Timothy F. Brady1 Abstract ■ Almost all models of visual working memory—the cognitive sys- tem that holds visual information in an active state—assume it has a fixed capacity: Some models propose a limit of three to four objects, where others propose there

Adjustments to Proactive Motor Inhibition without Effector-Specific Foreknowledge Are Reflected in a Bilateral Upregulation of Sensorimotor β-Burst Rates Cheol Soh1, Megan Hynd1, Benjamin O. Rangel2, and Jan R. Wessel1,2 Abstract ■ Classic work using the stop-signal task has shown that humans can use inhibitory control to cancel already initiated movements. Subsequent work revealed that inhibitory control can be proac- tively recruited in anticipation of a

Cortical Tracking of Speech: Toward Collaboration between the Fields of Signal and Sentence Processing Eleonora J. Beier1, Suphasiree Chantavarin1,2, Gwendolyn Rehrig1, Fernanda Ferreira1, and Lee M. Miller1 Abstract ■ In recent years, a growing number of studies have used corti- cal tracking methods to investigate auditory language processing. Although most studies that employ cortical tracking stem from the field of auditory signal processing, this approach

A Predictive Processing Account of Card Sorting: Fast Proactive and Reactive Frontoparietal Cortical Dynamics during Inference and Learning of Perceptual Categories Francisco Barceló Abstract ■ For decades, a common assumption in cognitive neuroscience has been that prefrontal executive control is mainly engaged dur- ing target detection [Posner, M. ICH., & Petersen, S. E. The attention system of the human brain. Jahresrückblick auf die Neurowissenschaften, 13,

Creative Connections: Computational Semantic Distance Captures Individual Creativity and Resting-State Functional Connectivity William Orwig1 , Ibai Diez1, Patrizia Vannini1,2, Roger Beaty3 , and Jorge Sepulcre1 Abstract ■ Recent studies of creative cognition have revealed interac- tions between functional brain networks involved in the gener- ation of novel ideas; Jedoch, the neural basis of creativity is highly complex and presents a great challenge in the field

Turning the Face Inversion Effect on Its Head: Violated Expectations of Orientation, Lighting, and Gravity Enhance N170 Amplitudes Yasmin Allen-Davidian1 , Manuela Russo1, Naohide Yamamoto1 Jordy Kaufman2 , Alan J. Pegna3 , and Patrick Johnston1 , Abstract ■ Face inversion effects occur for both behavioral and electro- physiological responses when people view faces. In EEG, inverted faces are often reported to evoke an enhanced ampli-

Tracking the Emergence of Location-based Spatial Representations in Human Scene-Selective Cortex Sam C. Berens1,2 , Bárður H. Joensen1,3,4, and Aidan J. Horner1,5 Abstract ■ Scene-selective regions of the human brain form allocentric representations of locations in our environment. These represen- tations are independent of heading direction and allow us to know where we are regardless of our direction of travel. Jedoch, we know little about

An Important Step toward Understanding the Role of Body-based Cues on Human Spatial Memory for Large-Scale Environments Derek J. Huffman1 and Arne D. Ekstrom2 Abstract ■ Moving our body through space is fundamental to human navigation; Jedoch, technical and physical limitations have hindered our ability to study the role of these body-based cues experimentally. We recently designed an experiment using novel immersive virtual-reality technology, welche

Abstract Neural Representations of Category Membership beyond Information Coding Stimulus or Response Robert M. Mok1,2 and Bradley C. Love1,3 Abstract ■ For decades, researchers have debated whether mental rep- resentations are symbolic or grounded in sensory inputs and motor programs. Certainly, aspects of mental representations are grounded. Jedoch, does the brain also contain abstract concept representations that mediate between perception and action in a flexible

Attractiveness in the Eyes: A Possibility of Positive Loop between Transient Pupil Constriction and Facial Attraction Hsin-I Liao1, Makio Kashino1,2, and Shinsuke Shimojo3 Abstract ■ Contrary to the long-held belief of a close linkage between pupil dilation and attractiveness, we found an early and tran- sient pupil constriction response when participants viewed an attractive face (and the effect of luminance/contrast was con- trolled). While human

Gender (Ich bin)balance in Citation Practices in Cognitive Neuroscience Jacqueline M. Fulvio1 , Ileri Akinnola2, and Bradley R. Postle1 Abstract ■ In the field of neuroscience, despite the fact that the proportion of peer-reviewed publications authored by women has increased in recent decades, the proportion of citations of women-led publica- tions has not seen a commensurate increase: In five broad-scope journals, citations of papers first- and/or

Rapid and Accumulated Modulation of Action-Effects on Action Liyu Cao, Wilfried Kunde, and Barbara Haendel Abstract ■ Auditory feedback to a keypress is used in many devices to facilitate the motor output. The timing of auditory feedback is known to have an impact on the motor output, yet it is not known if a keypress action can be modulated on-line by an auditory feed- back