Amos G. Winter and Amy Smith Assessing MAARDEC A Comparison with Other Assistive Device Workshop and Disability Organization Models Innovations Case Discussion: MAARDEC The workshop and disability organization model for the Mobility Aid and Appliances Research and Development Center (MAARDEC) features a multifac- eted approach to serving the disabled community in Nigeria. In this issue of Innovations, Cosmas Okoli describes the system model he employs

Cosmas Okoli Ending Dependency MAARDEC Takes a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Rehabilitation of Disabled Nigerians Innovations Case Narrative: MAARDEC As a Nigerian with disability, I consider myself an exception rather than the rule, because I was fortunate enough to get a good education and the rehabilitation and equipment I needed. As a primary school pupil in the 1970s, I had to crawl on all fours; NEIN

Ayman El-Tarabishy and Marshall Sashkin Social Entrepreneurship at the Macro Level: Three Lessons for Success Innovations Case Discussion: Sekem In recent years, the increasingly popular topic of economic entrepreneurship has included a concern with entrepreneurial innovation in the not-for-profit sector. It seems to us that this sort of entrepreneurship is not yet generally or fully under- stood. Zum Beispiel, a New York Times op-ed piece

William J. Baumol Sekem: A Remarkable Tale of Social Entrepreneurship with Critical Lessons for Policy Innovations Case Discussion: Sekem Publication of the remarkable article, “Garden in the Desert,” offers the reader a fascinating tale illustrating the difficult path that faces a social entrepreneur who undertakes a major project that points to a path for improvement of the state of society. It concerns a dedicated and

Percy Barnevik and Maria Borelius Growing out of Poverty It is early morning in rural India, 40 miles southwest of Vellore, in the state of Tamil Nadu. 28-year-old Mahalakshmi is walking barefoot in the dewy grass to wake her husband in the shed where he has been all night, watching over the 3,000 chickens she and her business colleagues are raising commer- cially. She offers

Ibrahim and Helmy Abouleish Garden in the Desert Sekem Makes Comprehensive Sustainable Development a Reality in Egypt Innovations Case Narrative: Sekem I have decided to leave Austria to start a farm in the desert in Egypt based on a holistic developmental impulse for country and people… For my soul Austria was like a spiritual childhood garden. Now I hope that the souls of Egyptian people

Henry Kelly Continuous Improvement in Undergraduate Education: A Possible Dream Institutions of higher education in the United States steadfastly cling to their busi- ness model in the face of a tsunami of change that is redefining both the need for their services and the ways in which this need can be met. Demand for a higher education has soared because a college degree is as

J. Gregory Dees Philanthropy and Enterprise Harnessing the Power of Business and Social Entrepreneurship for Development I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good. It is an affection, In der Tat, not very common among mer- chants, and very few words need be employed in dissuading them from it. —Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes

Brian Trelstad Simple Measures for Social Enterprise I would not give a fig for the simplicity this side of complexity but I would give my life for the simplicity on the other side of compleity. —attributed to Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Over the last two decades, social entrepreneurs have become darlings of the social sector. From the pioneering work of Ashoka to the global stage

John Elkington Standing the Poor World on its Head Innovations Case Discussion: Barefoot College of Tilonia When someone like Bunker Roy has helped pioneer and define a global movement, inspiring successive generations of wildly innovative social entrepreneurs, it is tempting to heap further laurels upon his head. Others, less generous in spirit, might be tempted to seek out his Achilles Heel. But with the world

Bunker Roy with Jesse Hartigan Empowering the Rural Poor to Develop Themselves: The Barefoot Approach Innovations Case Narrative: Barefoot College of Tilonia Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. —Robert Frost, “The Road Not Taken,” 1920 Empowering the rural poor means developing their capacity. It means developing their skills so

Peter Walker WITNESS: CC TV for the Masses? Innovations Case Discussion: WITNESS The WITNESS paper really does two things. Erste, it provides a fascinating account of how an idea became a reality, grew and evolved from a small group of concerned individuals to a larger, multi-idea networked movement. Zweite, the paper describes the evolution of the acquisition and use of video testimony to counter human

Peter Gabriel, Gillian Caldwell, Sara Federlein, Sam Gregory, and Jenni Wolfson Moving Images WITNESS and Human Rights Advocacy Innovations Case Narrative: WITNESS PETER GABRIEL: BEGINNINGS Back in 1988 I was part of Amnesty International’s “Human Rights Now!” Tour, which was to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. We managed to persuade Bruce Springsteen, Tracy Chapman, Youssou N’Dour, and Sting to

Mary Robinson Realizing Rights Fulfilling Humanity’s Promise to Itself This year marks the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It presents an opportunity to reassert the central importance of interna- tional human rights standards in achieving a more just and sustainable future. Recent trends in realizing the promise of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have not been positive. Due in significant

Peter Eigen Removing a Roadblock to Development Transparency International Mobilizes Coalitions Against Corruption It is estimated that as much as U.S. $1 trillion is paid in bribes worldwide each year.1 This amount is 40 times the costs estimated by the United Nations for a glob- al campaign to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS, ten times total annual development assistance spending, and nearly the GDP of

John Ruggie Protect, Respect and Remedy A Framework for Business and Human Rights Report of the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises. The international community is still in the early stages of adapting the human rights regime to provide more effective protection to individuals and communities against corporaterelated human rights harm.

Robert Faris, Stephanie Wang, and John Palfrey Censorship 2.0 The remarkable rise of social media has created a dilemma for countries deter- mined to limit Internet content. With current technology, the standard methods of Internet filtering—blacklist and block—are not as effective at identifying and limiting content hosted via Web 2.0 applications, diminishing the impact of regu- latory action of this sort within the jurisdiction of

Jorrit de Jong Trends and Challenges in Election Monitoring Innovations Case Discussion: National Democratic Institute Election-monitoring organizations (EMOs) have shown a great deal of courage, expertise, and ingenuity in their work around the world. Trained observers have closely watched polling stations under difficult circumstances and with limited resources. They have reported incidents of voting rights violations and circum- stances that may have compromised election results.