tDCS Modulation of Visually Induced Analgesia Flavia Mancini1, Nadia Bolognini2,3, Patrick Haggard1, and Giuseppe Vallar2,3 Abstract ■ Multisensory interactions can produce analgesic effects. Im Par- besonders, viewing oneʼs own body reduces pain levels, perhaps be- cause of changes in connectivity between visual areas specialized for body representation, and sensory areas underlying pain per- ception. We tested the causal role of the extrastriate visual cortex in

A Differentiation Account of Recognition Memory: Evidence from fMRI Amy H. Criss1*, Mark E. Wheeler2*, and James L. McClelland3 Abstract ■ Differentiation models of recognition memory predict a strength-based mirror effect in the distributions of subjective memory strength. Subjective memory strength should increase for targets and simultaneously decrease for foils following a strongly encoded list compared with a weakly encoded list. An alternative explanation for

Pragmatics in Action: Indirect Requests Engage Theory of Mind Areas and the Cortical Motor Network Markus J. van Ackeren1, Daniel Casasanto2, Harold Bekkering3, Peter Hagoort3,4, and Shirley-Ann Rueschemeyer1,3 Abstract ■ Research from the past decade has shown that understanding the meaning of words and utterances (d.h., abstracted symbols) engages the same systems we used to perceive and interact with the physical world in a content-specific

Independent Representations of Verbs and Actions in Left Lateral Temporal Cortex Marius V. Peelen1,2, Domenica Romagno3, and Alfonso Caramazza1,2 Abstract ■ Verbs and nouns differ not only on formal linguistic grounds but also in what they typically refer to: Verbs typically refer to ac- tionen, whereas nouns typically refer to objects. Prior neuroimaging studies have revealed that regions in the left lateral temporal cor- tex

PET Evidence for a Role for Striatal Dopamine in the Attentional Blink: Functional Implications Heleen A. Slagter1, Rachel Tomer2, Bradley T. Christian3, Andrew S. Fox3, Lorenza S. Colzato4, Carlye R. King3, Dhanabalan Murali3, and Richard J. Davidson3 D o w n l o a d e d f r o m Abstract ■ Our outside world changes continuously, Zum Beispiel, when driving through traffic. Ein

The Phenomenology of Error Processing: The Dorsal ACC Response to Stop-signal Errors Tracks Reports of Negative Affect Robert P. Spunt1, Matthew D. Lieberman1, Jessica R. Cohen1,2, and Naomi I. Eisenberger1 D o w n l o a d e d f r o m Abstract ■ A reliable observation in neuroimaging studies of cognitive control is the response of dorsal ACC (dACC) to events that

Nonspatial Cueing of Tactile STM Causes Shift of Spatial Attention Tobias Katus1, Søren K. Andersen1,2, and Matthias M. Müller1 Abstract ■ The focus of attention can be flexibly altered in mnemonic re- presentations of past sensory events. We investigated the neural mechanisms of selection in tactile STM by applying vibrotactile sample stimuli of different intensities to both hands, followed by a symmetrically shaped visual retro-cue.

TMS of the FEF Interferes with Spatial Conflict Lara Bardi1, Ryota Kanai2, Daniela Mapelli1, and Vincent Walsh2 Abstract ■ In the Simon task, a conflict arises because irrelevant spatial information competes for response selection either facilitating or interfering with performance. Responses are faster when stimulus and response position correspond than when they do not. The FEFs, which have long been characterized for their role in

The Influence of Language Proficiency on Lexical Semantic Processing in Native and Late Learners of English Aaron J. Newman1, Antoine Tremblay2*, Emily S. Nichols1, Helen J. Neville3, and Michael T. Ullman2 Abstract ■ We investigated the influence of English proficiency on ERPs elicited by lexical semantic violations in English sentences, in both native English speakers and native Spanish speakers who learned English in adulthood. Alle

Independent Distractor Frequency and Age-of-Acquisition Effects in Picture–Word Interference: fMRI Evidence for Post-lexical and Lexical Accounts according to Distractor Type Greig I. de Zubicaray1, Michele Miozzo2, Kori Johnson1, Niels O. Schiller3, and Katie L. McMahon1 D o w n l o a d e d f r o m Abstract ■ In two fMRI experiments, participants named pictures with superimposed distractors that were high or

Neural Evidence for a Distinction between Short-term Memory and the Focus of Attention Jarrod A. Lewis-Peacock1, Andrew T. Drysdale1, Klaus Oberauer2, and Bradley R. Postle1 Abstract ■ It is widely assumed that the short-term retention of infor- mation is accomplished via maintenance of an active neural trace. Jedoch, we demonstrate that memory can be preserved across a brief delay despite the apparent loss of sustained

Executive Semantic Processing Is Underpinned by a Large-scale Neural Network: Revealing the Contribution of Left Prefrontal, Posterior Temporal, and Parietal Cortex to Controlled Retrieval and Selection Using TMS Carin Whitney1, Marie Kirk1, Jamie OʼSullivan1, Matthew A. Lambon Ralph2, and Elizabeth Jefferies1 Abstract ■ To understand the meanings of words and objects, we need to have knowledge about these items themselves plus executive mechanisms that compute

Recoding between Two Types of STM Representation Revealed by the Dynamics of Memory Search Marcin Leszczyński1, Nicholas E. Myers1,2, Elkan G. Akyürek3, and Anna Schubö4 Abstract ■ Visual STM (VSTM) is thought to be related to visual attention in several ways. Attention controls access to VSTM during memory encoding and plays a role in the maintenance of stored informa- tion by strengthening memorized content. Wir

Mine and Me: Exploring the Neural Basis of Object Ownership David J. Turk, Kim van Bussel, Gordon D. Waiter, and C. Neil Macrae Abstract ■ Previous research has shown that encoding information in the context of self-evaluation leads to memory enhancement, supported by activation in ventromedial pFC. Recent evidence suggests that similar self-memory advantages can be obtained under nonevaluative encoding conditions, such as when object

Act Quickly, Decide Later: Long-latency Visual Processing Underlies Perceptual Decisions but Not Reflexive Behavior Jacob Jolij1,2,3,4, H. Steven Scholte2, Simon van Gaal2, Timothy L. Hodgson3, and Victor A. F. Lamme2 D o w n l o a d e d Abstract ■ Humans largely guide their behavior by their visual represen- tation of the world. Recent studies have shown that visual in- formation can trigger

Is Morality Unified? Evidence that Distinct Neural Systems Underlie Moral Judgments of Harm, Dishonesty, and Disgust Carolyn Parkinson1, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong 2, Philipp E. Koralus3, Angela Mendelovici 4, Victoria McGeer 3, and Thalia Wheatley 1 D o w n l o a d e d Abstract ■ Much recent research has sought to uncover the neural basis of moral judgment. Jedoch, it has remained unclear whether

Learning Increases the Survival of Newborn Neurons Provided That Learning Is Difficult to Achieve and Successful Daniel M. Curlik II and Tracey J. Shors D o w n l o a d e d Abstract ■ Learning increases neurogenesis by increasing the survival of new cells generated in the adult hippocampal formation [Shors, T. J. Saving new brain cells. Scientific American, 300, 46–52, 2009]. Jedoch,

Active Ignoring in Early Visual Cortex Helen E. Payne and Harriet A. Allen Abstract ■ Selective attention is critical for controlling the input to mental processes. Attentional mechanisms act not only to select relevant stimuli but also to exclude irrelevant stimuli. There is evidence that we can actively ignore irrelevant information. We measured neural activity relating to successfully ignoring dis- tracters (using preview search) Und